metastatic breast cancer - Traducere în română - exemple în engleză | Reverso Context

Metastatic cancer how

Search term Donald F. Lynch, Jr, MD. Female Urethral Carcinoma The female urethra is largely contained within the anterior vaginal wall. In the adult it is 2 to 4 cm in length.

metastatic cancer how sotie cheloo parazitii

Distally, it is metastatic cancer how with stratified squamous epithelium, changing to stratified or pseudostratified columnar epithelium more proximally. At the bladder neck, the mucosa is transitional cell epithelium. The histopathology of female urethral cancer depends upon the tissue of origin. Transitional cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are next most common and occur with roughly equal frequency.

Unlike penile cancers, tumor grade does not appear to influence either propensity for metastasis or prognosis. Female urethral cancers occur more often in white women metastatic cancer how in black women. The lymphatic drainage of the distal urethra and labia metastatic cancer how to the superficial and deep inguinal nodes. The proximal urethra drains to the metastatic cancer how of the iliac, obturator, presacral, and para-aortic metastatic cancer how chains.

Metastases to distant sites—liver, lung, brain and bone—occur late and are more common with adenocarcinomas. Roughly half of tumors involve the entire length of urethra at diagnosis. A rare variation of urethral cancer is carcinoma arising in a urethral diverticulum. These tumors are usually squamous carcinomas and are usually located in the distal two thirds of the urethra.

jetreni virusi

They have been reported more frequently in black women than in white women, and likely arise from remnants of wolffian or mullerian ducts or ectopic cloacal epithelium. Distal urethral or anterior lesions usually present early and are diagnosed while at low stage.

These tumors have been successfully managed with local excision, transurethral resection, partial urethrectomy, and fulguration or ablation with either neodymium:YAG or CO2 laser techniques.

More proximal lesions present later and at higher stage than distal lesions. For superficial tumors, transurethral resection or laser surgery may be appropriate.

Spying On Breast Cancer Metastasis

Inguinal node dissection should be performed in the presence of palpably enlarged nodes, and pelvic node dissection should be performed when proximal involvement of the urethra is identified. There does not appear to be any therapeutic advantage to prophylactic node dissection when the inguinal nodes are not enlarged. Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy, administered as both external beam radiation and brachytherapy, metastatic cancer how been used for definitive treatment of both localized and advanced tumors.

It has also been used to downsize tumors before definitive surgical intervention. Chemotherapy and Combined Therapy The rarity of these tumors has precluded much meaningful clinical research metastatic cancer how chemotherapeutic treatment, or in chemotherapy combined with radiation or surgery.

Combination chemotherapy in conjunction with radiation and surgery has produced promising outcomes in squamous carcinomas of the head and neck, anus, and penis, and may be expected to metastatic cancer how similar benefit in squamous cancers of the urethra.

metastatic cancer how ciuperci jamila

However, multinational, multiinstitutional trials are required to provide clinical data to assess the efficacy of any such treatment regimens. Metastatic cancer how Long-term survival is related to the stage of the tumor at the metastatic cancer how of diagnosis and appears to be independent of tumor histology or grade. Patients with tumors of the anterior or distal urethra had better survival than those with more proximal lesions, apparently because their tumors presented earlier in their clinical course.

verruca foot bath

Beginning distally, the penile urethra is comprised of the meatus and fossa navicularis which is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. The pendulous urethra extends from the proximal fossa navicularis to the suspensory ligament of the penis, where it then becomes the bulbar urethra between the ligament metastatic cancer how the urogenital membrane.

These metastatic cancer how are lined with stratified or pseudostratified columnar epithelium as is the short 1.

cancer peritoneal testimonio

This contains the external sphincter which is comprised of striated muscle fibers. The prostatic urethra passes through the prostate and is lined with transitional cell epithelium.

Metastatic cancer in the liver originating in other organs cancer metastatic în ficat originare din alte organe metastatic cancer of the large intestine. It's a stage III metastatic cancer.

The remainder occur predominantly in the fossa navicularis. Infrequently, transitional cell carcinoma or undifferentiated tumor may predominate at the metastatic cancer how neck or within the prostatic urethra.

Traducere "metastatic cancer" în română

Poorly differentiated transitional cell cancers may show some squamous characteristics. Rarely adenocarcinoma ovarian cancer final stages arise in the glands of Littre or the prostatic utricle.

  1. metastatic breast cancer - Traducere în română - exemple în engleză | Reverso Context
  2. Avastin în asociere cu paclitaxel este indicat pentru tratamentul de primă linie al pacienţilor cu cancer de sân metastatic.
  3. Carcinoma of the Urethra - Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine - NCBI Bookshelf
  4. Cancer sange simptome

Metastases from distant tumor sites to the penis also occur infrequently. Figure Retrograde urethrogram demonstrating squamous carcinoma of bulbous urethra associated with a stricture.

Traducere "metastatic breast cancer" în română

Obstructive symptoms are common in more proximal lesions, while urethral bleeding and palpation of a mass herald more distal lesions Figure In general, the more proximal a tumor, metastatic cancer how later in its development and the higher its stage at diagnosis. Four-color version of figure on CD-ROM A special case exists in the urethral segment which is retained following cystectomy.

vaccin papillomavirus condylomes hpv impfung tk

These tumors are almost exclusively transitional cell carcinomas. Monitoring of the urethra in this situation and management of these tumors is discussed elsewhere.

Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine. 6th edition.

Lymphatic drainage of the distal male urethra is similar to that of penile tumors. Tumors of the fossa and pendulous urethra drain to metastatic cancer how superficial inguinal lymph nodes, while tumors of the bulbar, membranous, and prostatic urethral segments drain to the iliac, obturator, and presacral node groups. There may be crossover at the prepubic lymphatic plexus. Surgical Management Low-grade, low-stage tumors of the urethra may lend themselves to transurethral resection or laser fulguration, but such lesions are rare.